What happens in Kumbhaka?
During the breath retention , diffusion of the gases is dependent on the surface area of the lungs,the membrane and pressure of the O2 an Co2.
When O2 and CO2 on the both side of membrane equalized on the lungs, diffusion stops. So after that it is not a good idea to retain the breath. Because we are not going to get any benefit after that.
During the retention period, we are not taking the more oxygen in , but our body has a demand of oxygen all the time. Our brain is very sensitive to the lowered oxygen level. Normally our body and brain don’t use every capillary. But when we apply kumbhaka(breath retention) , the unused capillaries are going to be used because this is a kind of emergency call , i.e. there is oxygen deficiency in the body as well as in the brain. We know that 25% of the blood is circulated in the brain. Oxygen is also transported with blood. So vasodilation occurs. That means in this breath retention state unused capillaries are opened so that brain can get sufficient oxygen supply.
So with this phenomena , dormant parts of the brain stimulated.
Slow exhalation has a soothing effect
After breath retention when we exhale slowly , it is also beneficial , because if we exhale quickly , our lungs would have same effect like a rubber band. If we don’t care about exhalation after kumbhaka , our lungs will come into its original position violently. But If we exhale slowly, this slow exhalation will help to maintain its elasticity.
Also, with slow exhalation, there is a conscious effort by us, in this way, inhibitory impulses are sent by cerebral cortex to midbrain. Adjacent to midbrain, there is hypothalamus present and hypothalamus is the center of emotions. So this phenomena has soothing effect as well.
Pranayama improves concentration
In our daily life , we do breathing involuntarily and unconsciously that means we don’t observe our breath. We are involved in worldly engagements.But when apply a conscious effort while inhalation, retention and expiration, we observe our breath .And we are separated from the world to some extent which improves our concentration and memory.
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